Project Setup

# Adding Sites

To add a site to Nitro, three things need to happen:

  • Your project files need to be mounted into the Nitro machine.
  • The web server within your Nitro machine needs to be configured to serve your site.
  • Your system’s hosts file needs to be updated to associate your site’s hostname with Nitro.

# Add a site with nitro add

If your project files are completely contained within a single folder, then you can quickly accomplish these using the add command:

$ cd /path/to/project
$ nitro add
Enter the hostname [plugins-dev] example.test
Enter the webroot [web]
Added plugins-dev to config file.
Apply changes from config? [yes]
Mounting /path/to/project to nitro-dev
Adding site example.test to nitro-dev
Applied changes from /Users/vin/.nitro/nitro-dev.yaml
Editing your hosts file
Password: ******

Multipass requires Full Disk Access on macOS. If you’re seeing mount “not readable” issues, ensure multipassd is checked under System Preferences → Security & Privacy → Privacy → Full Disk Access.

Windows 10

To avoid runtime exceptions due to incorrect handling of file-based mutex locks, Windows users should add the following snippet to the array returned by config/app.php. This manual change is required since there is no reliable way for Craft to know that it is running in a VM with a Windows host. For more info see Craft #4355 (opens new window) and #195 (opens new window).

return [
    'components' => [
        'mutex' => function() {
            $config = craft\helpers\App::mutexConfig();
            $config['isWindows'] = true;
            return Craft::createObject($config);
        },
    ],
];

Instead of hardcoding the value of isWindows inside config/app.php, you can instead use an environment variable defined in your .env file.

# Mounting your entire dev folder at once

If you manage all of your projects within a single dev folder, you can mount that entire folder once within Nitro, and point your sites’ webroots to the appropriate folders within it.

To do that, open your ~/.nitro/nitro-dev.yaml file in a text editor (or run the edit command), and add a new mount for the folder that contains all of your projects, plus list out all of your sites you wish to add to Nitro within that folder:

mounts:
 - source: ~/dev
   dest: /home/ubuntu/sites
sites:
 - hostname: example1.test
   webroot: /home/ubuntu/sites/example1.test/web
 - hostname: example2.test
   webroot: /home/ubuntu/sites/example2.test/web

Then run nitro apply to apply your nitro.yaml changes to the machine.

To avoid permission issues, we recommend you always mount folders into /home/ubuntu/* within the machine.

If your projects contain any symlinks, such as path Composer repositories, those symlinks must be relative (../), not absolute (/ or ~/).

# Connecting to the Database

To connect to the machine from a Craft install, set the following environment variables in your .env file:

DB_USER="nitro"
DB_PASSWORD="nitro"
# `nitro` is the default database
DB_DATABASE="nitro"

To connect to the database from your host operating system, you’ll first need to get the IP address of your Nitro machine. You can find that by running the info command.

$ nitro info
Name:           nitro-dev
State:          Running
IPv4:           192.168.64.2
Release:        Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Image hash:     2f6bc5e7d9ac (Ubuntu 20.04 LTS)
Load:           0.71 0.74 0.60
Disk usage:     2.7G out of 38.6G
Memory usage:   526.4M out of 3.9G

Then from your SQL client of choice, create a new database connection with the following settings:

  • Host: The IPv4 value from nitro info
  • Port: The port you configured your database with (3306 for MySQL or 5432 for PostgreSQL by default).
  • Username: nitro
  • Password: nitro

# Adding a Database

Nitro creates its initial nitro database for you. You can add as many databases as you’d like running the following command, which will prompt for your desired database engine and name:

$ nitro db add

# Adding Mounts

Nitro can mount various system directories into your Nitro machine. You can either mount each of your projects’ root directories into Nitro individually (as you’d get when adding a site with nitro add), or you can mount your entire development folder, or some combination of the two.

To add a new mount, follow these steps:

  1. Open your ~/.nitro/nitro.yaml file in a text editor, and add the new mount:

    mounts:
  - source: /Users/vin/dev
    dest: /home/ubuntu/sites

  2. Run nitro apply to apply the nitro.yaml change to the machine.

Once that’s done, you should be able to tunnel into your machine using the ssh command, and see the newly-mounted directory in there.

# Running Multiple Machines

You can have Nitro manage more than just your primary machine (nitro-dev) if you want. For example, you could create a machine for a specific dev project.

To create a new machine, run the following command:

$ nitro init -m my-machine

Replace my-machine with the name you want to give your new machine. Machine names can only include letters, numbers, underscores, and hyphens.

This command will run through the same prompts you saw when creating your primary machine after you first installed Nitro. Once it’s done, you’ll have a new Multipass machine, as well as a new configuration file for it at ~/.nitro/my-machine.yaml.

All of Nitro’s commands accept an -m option, which you can use to specify which machine the command should be run against. (nitro-dev will always be used by default.)

# Adding Multiple Database Engines

To run multiple database engines on the same machine, open your ~/.nitro/nitro-dev.yaml file in a text editor (or run the edit command), and list additional databases under the databases key:

databases:
 - engine: mysql
   version: "5.7"
   port: "3306"
 - engine: mysql
   version: "5.6"
   port: "33061"
 - engine: postgres
   version: "11"
   port: "5432"

Each database engine needs its own unique port.

Run nitro apply to apply your nitro.yaml changes to the machine.

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